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2022年3月13日 星期日

英文時態和例句(中)

離上次介紹最常用的時態:現在簡單、過去簡單、現在完成英文時態和例句(上),過了好長一段時間了,希望大家已經能掌握前面三種時態的用法,這篇要介紹的是進行式(過去進行、現在進行、未來進行)及未來簡單式。我覺得這部分是相對簡單易懂,只要觀念清楚,是容易正確使用的時態。

一開始,我們還是再來看一下這個表格,記得,在時間軸上我們可粗分為過去、現在、未來,三個時間區塊,每個區塊又可分為簡單、進行、完成、完成進行,四種表達方式。所以就有12種時態變化,如下所示:

現在👇                                      過去👇                                    未來👇    

Present Simple

現在簡單

I jog every other day.

Past Simple

過去簡單

I jogged for an hour last night.

Future Simple

未來簡單

I will jog as much as I can this year.

Present Continuous

現在進行

I am watching a movie now.

Past Continuous

過去進行

I was watching a movie at noon yesterday.

Future Continuous

未來進行

I will be watching a movie with Pilar tomorrow evening.

Present Perfect

現在完成       

I have phoned her already.

Past Perfect

過去完成       

I had phoned her before you came in.

Future Perfect

未來完成       

I will have phoned her by the end of this week.(本週尚未結束)

Present Perfect Continuous

現在完成進行

She has been playing the piano since she was five.

Past Perfect Continuous

過去完成進行

She had been playing the piano for 5 hours before the doorbell rang.

Future Perfect Continuous

未來完成進行

She will have been playing the piano for 10 hours before dinner tonight.(今天還沒晚餐)


<進行式> 
這應該是最最最簡單易懂的時態,就是在某個時間點正在進行/發生的事,它的長相是be+Ving
*那個時間點如果是現在此時此刻,就是現在進行式 am/is/are + Ving
I'm writing an article (now).
He is watching TV (now).
They are doing their homework (now).
*那個時間點如果是過去某個明確時刻,就是過去進行式 was/were + Ving
I was teaching at nine o'clock yesterday morning.
She was playing the piano at the concert last night.
We were baking a cake while you were resting on the sofa.
*那個時間點如果是未來某個明確時刻,就是未來進行式 will be + Ving
很多人看到be就覺得怪怪的,其實be就是am/is/are/was/were的原型,而助動詞後接原型動詞是亙古不變的道理,為了表達"將..."而用了助動詞will,所以本來要用am/is/are/was/were的,就通通變回原型be。
例如:She is singing in the bathroom now. [她現在正在浴室唱歌] 改成[明天早上10:30時她將正在一場試鏡中唱歌。]  
She is singing in an audition at 10:30 tomorrow morning.
       will be
其實這樣還蠻方便的,無論什麼人稱,一律用will be Ving 就可以了!
*補充:表達"異於常態"時,可以用進行式喔!例如:我通常是在水槽洗碗(現在簡單式),但因為水槽壞了,這星期我都在浴缸洗碗(現在進行式)... I always do the dishes at the sink but I'm doing it at the bathtub this week because the sink is broken. 所以並非此時此刻正在發生,但是為了表達特殊狀況,也是可以用現在進行式喔!再多看一個例句~ They don't usually travel by plane but this year they are flying to Japan.

<未來簡單> 
好簡單!剛剛講到表達 "將..." 就放入助動詞 will 後面接原型動詞就對了,不用考慮主詞是什麼人稱,也不像上面的未來進行式要有明確時間點,只要是未來將發生就可以這樣用
My nephew will start his business in the United States.
They will take the adventure next year.
只有一個小事可以留意一下: will = be going to
雖然等號兩邊都是表達未來,但意思上有一些些不同,如果即將發生或很確定會這樣發生,就可以用 be going to ,例如,我明天有預約牙醫看診,我會說 I'm going to see the dentist tomorrow. 但是如果我並沒預約,只是想明天去看牙醫有沒有空幫我看牙,我會說 I probably will go to see the dentist tomorrow.

好囉!對於現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行、過去進行、未來進行、現在完成 ,7個時態都清楚了嗎?期待下集介紹剩下的5個時態,這樣就把時態都學完了👍👍👍


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