離上次介紹最常用的時態:現在簡單、過去簡單、現在完成英文時態和例句(上),過了好長一段時間了,希望大家已經能掌握前面三種時態的用法,這篇要介紹的是進行式(過去進行、現在進行、未來進行)及未來簡單式。我覺得這部分是相對簡單易懂,只要觀念清楚,是容易正確使用的時態。
一開始,我們還是再來看一下這個表格,記得,在時間軸上我們可粗分為過去、現在、未來,三個時間區塊,每個區塊又可分為簡單、進行、完成、完成進行,四種表達方式。所以就有12種時態變化,如下所示:
現在👇 過去👇 未來👇
Present Simple 現在簡單 I jog every other day. | Past Simple 過去簡單 I jogged for an hour last night. | Future Simple 未來簡單 I will jog as much as I can this year. |
Present Continuous 現在進行 I am watching a movie now. | Past Continuous 過去進行 I was watching a movie at noon yesterday. | Future Continuous 未來進行 I will be watching a movie with Pilar tomorrow evening. |
Present Perfect 現在完成 I have phoned her already. | Past Perfect 過去完成 I had phoned her before you came in. | Future Perfect 未來完成 I will have phoned her by the end of this week.(本週尚未結束) |
Present Perfect Continuous 現在完成進行 She has been playing the piano since she was five. | Past Perfect Continuous 過去完成進行 She had been playing the piano for 5 hours before the doorbell rang. | Future Perfect Continuous 未來完成進行 She will have been playing the piano for 10 hours before dinner tonight.(今天還沒晚餐) |
<進行式>
這應該是最最最簡單易懂的時態,就是在某個時間點正在進行/發生的事,它的長相是be+Ving
*那個時間點如果是現在此時此刻,就是現在進行式 am/is/are + Ving
I'm writing an article (now).
He is watching TV (now).
They are doing their homework (now).
*那個時間點如果是過去某個明確時刻,就是過去進行式 was/were + Ving
I was teaching at nine o'clock yesterday morning.
She was playing the piano at the concert last night.
We were baking a cake while you were resting on the sofa.
*那個時間點如果是未來某個明確時刻,就是未來進行式 will be + Ving
很多人看到be就覺得怪怪的,其實be就是am/is/are/was/were的原型,而助動詞後接原型動詞是亙古不變的道理,為了表達"將..."而用了助動詞will,所以本來要用am/is/are/was/were的,就通通變回原型be。
例如:She is singing in the bathroom now. [她現在正在浴室唱歌] 改成[明天早上10:30時她將正在一場試鏡中唱歌。]
She is singing in an audition at 10:30 tomorrow morning.
will be
其實這樣還蠻方便的,無論什麼人稱,一律用will be Ving 就可以了!
*補充:表達"異於常態"時,可以用進行式喔!例如:我通常是在水槽洗碗(現在簡單式),但因為水槽壞了,這星期我都在浴缸洗碗(現在進行式)... I always do the dishes at the sink but I'm doing it at the bathtub this week because the sink is broken. 所以並非此時此刻正在發生,但是為了表達特殊狀況,也是可以用現在進行式喔!再多看一個例句~ They don't usually travel by plane but this year they are flying to Japan.
<未來簡單>
好簡單!剛剛講到表達 "將..." 就放入助動詞 will 後面接原型動詞就對了,不用考慮主詞是什麼人稱,也不像上面的未來進行式要有明確時間點,只要是未來將發生就可以這樣用
My nephew will start his business in the United States.
They will take the adventure next year.
只有一個小事可以留意一下: will = be going to
雖然等號兩邊都是表達未來,但意思上有一些些不同,如果即將發生或很確定會這樣發生,就可以用 be going to ,例如,我明天有預約牙醫看診,我會說 I'm going to see the dentist tomorrow. 但是如果我並沒預約,只是想明天去看牙醫有沒有空幫我看牙,我會說 I probably will go to see the dentist tomorrow.
好囉!對於現在簡單、過去簡單、未來簡單、現在進行、過去進行、未來進行、現在完成 ,7個時態都清楚了嗎?期待下集介紹剩下的5個時態,這樣就把時態都學完了👍👍👍
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