在我們認真用字母卡練習phonics(自然發音)法則的同時,別忘了,還有一群很重要的字要學習喔!這些字在英文有許多稱呼:sight words, Dolch words, Fry words, high frequency words,無論怎麼說都是指常用字且不太符合拼音規則的字,我們在學習這些字時,需要求孩子熟練到能一眼就認得,才能有助於閱讀時的流暢度。為何如此高標準要求,讓我簡單說明如下:
Dolch list 是由220個最基本sight words組成,這些字出現在學校教科書、圖書館書籍、報紙、雜誌的比例高達50-75%,這些字屬於功能性用字,例如:代名詞、形容詞、副詞、介係詞、連接詞、動詞,這些字比較難透過圖片學習。而Fry list 是根據語言變革所更新的常用1000字所組成,它的排列順序是按照使用頻率,因此,所有Dolch words都有包含在內,而它們佔了所有書寫用語的90%。(我會將這些字列表於文章下方,供大家參考)
由此看來,學習這些字的重要性不可忽略,雖然它們比較不符合發音法則,但有了自然發音法(phonics)的概念,對於學習認讀sight words還是有相當助益的,這就是為何每次我規定的回家作業一定有"字母卡練習"這項。課堂中我會使用字卡玩遊戲,增加這些sight words的曝光率;另外一項回家功課,小故事書的閱讀,也是在無形中增強孩子們認讀這些困難的sight words,因為這些the、a/an、he/she....在小小一本故事書中就出現好多次,每天唸1~3次,很快就記得了,重點是孩子們也不覺得背這些字背得很辛苦。
再次強調,為何我相當注重"每天"要"唸"功課10分鐘,因為我們沒有英語環境,就要自己製造,讓這些字每天出現在孩子眼前,就會認識這些字,就會覺得它們是高頻率字彙(high frequency words)。如果我每天看你10分鐘,一段時日後,我遠遠瞄到你,立刻就能喊出你名字,是吧?
Dolch Word List (Pre Primer List)
a and away big blue can come down find for
funny go help here I in is it jump little
look make me my not one play red run said
see the three to two up we where yellow you
Dolch Word List (Primer List)
all am are at ate be black brown but came
did do eat four get good have he into like
must new no now on our out please pretty ran
ride saw say she so soon that there they this
too under want was well went what white who will
with yes
Dolch Word List (First Grade List)
after again an any as ask by could every fly
from give giving had has her him his how just
know let live may of old once open over put
round some stop take thank them then think walk were
when
Dolch Word List (Second Grade List)
always around because been before best both buy call cold
does don’t fast first five found gave goes green its
made many off or pull read right sing sit sleep
tell their these those upon us use very wash which why wish work would write your
Dolch Word List (Third Grade List)
about better bring carry clean cut done draw drink eight
fall far full got grow hold hot hurt if keep
kind laugh light long much myself never only own pick
seven shall show six small start ten today together try
warm
Fry Word List (First Grade ~ Fifth Grade) - 1000 high frequency words
http://new.schoolnotes.com/files/BCCSKA/Fry1000inwords.pdf
高頻率字彙表根據不同地區英語系國家的研究,多少會有些出入,但學會前100字,對於兒童在閱讀童書時,大約有50%的字彙可以看得懂,雖然這可能距離完全理解的閱讀還有些距離,但對初學者卻是個很好的開始,在此附上影音連結,有助於學習正確發音
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dfb6lY0TJCQ
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