八年級上學期的不定詞(to V)和動名詞(Ving) 是讓人有點困擾的東西,其實,不只國中生覺得難,高中生、大學生、或成人學習者,學得模模糊糊是常有的事,希望看完我的講解能讓各位同學有個比較清楚的概念。
首先要知道,不定詞(to V)和動名詞(Ving) 的身分是名詞、名詞、名詞,很重要所以說三遍。再來確認一個觀念:一個句子中,名詞可以做什麼用?名詞可以當主詞(S)、受詞(O)、補語(C)。既然說到句子,我們就來複習一下五大基本句型:(一) S+V;(二) S+V+C;(三) S+V+O;(四) S+V+O+O;(五) S+V+O+C 有發現嗎?這五大基本句型的組成元素就是:S(主詞)、V(動詞)、O(受詞)、C(補語),所以,除了動詞一定要用動詞(好像有點廢話😅),其他元素(S, O, C)都可以用上不定詞(to V)和動名詞(Ving),這就是為什麼讓大家很困擾了,因為不是一個蘿蔔一個坑,是兩個蘿蔔三個坑,這怎麼放呢?
所幸,比較難的部分是受詞這個坑,所以本篇只說明不定詞(to V)和動名詞(Ving)當受詞的用法,至於其他用法(當主詞或補語)就請上課認真聽,每種用法的例句,選自己覺得好背的代表句牢記。
這些動詞後接不定詞(to V) |
這些動詞後接動名詞(Ving) |
打*表示可以在第一個動詞(V)後加受詞(O)才接 不定詞(to V) 或 動名詞(Ving) |
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advise*, afford, agree, allow*, appear, arrange, ask*, attempt, can afford, cause*, choose, claim, decide, demand, deserve, encourage*, expect*, fail, forbid*, force*, help*, hope, instruct*, intend, invite*, learn, manage, need, offer, order*, plan, permit*, persuade*, prepare*, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, wish, wait, want*, would like*, would love* |
anticipate, admit, appreciate*, avoid, bear, can’t help, complete, consider, delay, deny, detest, discuss, endure, enjoy, finish, imagine, involve, keep, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, recall, recommend, resent, risk, can’t stand*, suggest, tolerate*, |
這些動詞可接不定詞(to V)也可接動名詞(Ving)但意思不同:
stop, remember, forget, try, quit, go on |
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I forgot to lock the door. (我忘了鎖門) He stopped to shop at that store. (他停下來去那家商店購物) She tried to exercise regularly but it was too difficult for her. (她嘗試規律運動,但對她來說太難了) 註:try to V表達嘗試一件困難的事,而且(可能)不成功 |
I forgot locking the door.(我忘了已經鎖門) He stopped shopping at that store. (他停止去那家商店購物) She tried giving up sweets to lose some weight. (她試著放棄甜食以達減重目的) 註:try Ving 表達嘗試一件不太困難的事(是一種方法),以期達到理想結果 |
這些動詞可接不定詞(to V)也可接動名詞(Ving)但意思幾乎一樣,只微不同: like, love, dislike, hate |
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I hate to interrupt you, but I have a question. (我不願打擾你,但是我有個問題) -->偶而的行為 |
I like playing tennis. (我喜歡打網球) -->經常性行為 |